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(詳細はSociety of the Mongol Empireを参照) ==Politics== ===Pax Mongolica=== (詳細はPax Romana'', the ''Pax Mongolica'' (Latin for "Peace of the Mongols") was the term for situation where trade between China and Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries was common and free from profound interference. Although the Mongol system of administration and governance during the brief era was not exactly peaceful, 〔See for example D. Morgan, "If the concept is derived from the ''Pax Romana'', the most appropriate comment belongs rightly to a Roman historian, Tacitus, speaking through the mouth of a British chieftain: 'Solitudinem faciunt, et pacem appellann, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. Print. p.73〕 the Pax Mongolica was a time of relative peace throughout the Old World that led to an increase of trade, as well as an increase in awareness, between distant nations. In essence, the Mongol Empire administered political order over a very large area of land which enabled relative political and economic stability to follow. In the face of the ethnic, religious and tribal diversity of the civilians and soldiers of the Mongol Empire, which eventually included modern day Persians, Chinese and many Turkic peoples, Genghis Khan insisted on focusing all loyalty on himself as Great Khan and no others. Thus, Genghis Khan had no room for the traditional clan- and kindred-based divisions that were common in central Asian society. Obedience was expected from everyone from the lowest to the highest classes. Any disobedience by a subordinate officer to any order from a superior officer was reason for death. Genghis Khan revolutionized his military by incorporating the decimal system in his army. He arranged his army into ''arbans'' (inter-ethnic groups of ten), and the members of an ''arban'' were commanded to be loyal to one another regardless of ethnic origin.〔Amy Chua. Day of Empire: How hyperpowers rise to global dominance, and why they fall. New York: Random House, 2007. p.95〕 The military units sizes were based on factors of 10: arbans (10 people), zuuns (100), Mingghans (1000) and tumens (10,000). This decimal system organization of Genghis Khan's strong military proved very effective in conquering, by persuasion or force, the many tribes of the central Asian steppe, but it also strengthened Mongol society as a whole. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Organization of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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